along with their immoral conduct demonstrates that the opponents are no better than irrational animals. If they act like animals, they will also be destroyed like them. The main function of this description is to prepare the reader for the woe oracle that follows (v. 11). Jude sets out another list of three notorious sinners. Each of these individuals rebelled against specific commands from the Lord. Cain murdered his brother, though he had been warned to master the evil inclination (Gen. 4:5–12).